Tachyons vs. Vanilla Framework CSS
By SW Habitation
Tachyons
Vanilla Framework CSS
You know how building a website can feel like a lot, especially when you’re trying to style every little thing yourself? Buttons, forms, layouts… it adds up fast. That’s where UI frameworks really save the day. They give you a bunch of premade design elements that you can just drop in and go. It’s like having a design starter pack that helps your site look clean and professional, without spending forever tweaking the details.
What isTachyons?
Tachyons is a functional/atomic CSS framework that uses small, reusable utility classes. Instead of big UI components or deeply nested CSS, Tachyons encourages developers to style elements using many tiny, single-purpose classes.
Let's check by the example,
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<button class="f6 link dim br3 ph3 pv2 mb2 dib white bg-dark-blue">
Click Me!
</button>Here, each class f6, br3, ph3 controls a specific CSS property like font size, border radius, padding, etc. This modular approach makes styling predictable and reusable.
Tachyons was one of the innovator of the utility-first CSS movement—it influenced modern frameworks like Tailwind.
Key Features of Tachyons
- Atomic CSS Classes: Every class does one thing (e.g., pa3 = padding).
- Responsive Utilities: Classes adapt to multiple screen sizes.
- Small Bundle Size: Around 14KB minified & gzipped.
- Performance-Oriented: Encourages minimal CSS output.
- Accessible Defaults: Typography and spacing built for readability.
- Framework-Free: Works with plain HTML, React, Vue, or any frontend.
- Rapid Prototyping: Compose UIs quickly with utility classes.
Advantages of Tachyons
- Stable: Mature and widely battle-tested since 2015.
- Highly Composable: Mix classes freely to achieve complex designs.
- Consistent: Predictable, reusable naming system.
- Fast & Lightweight: Tiny CSS footprint.
- Great for Prototypes: Quickly test ideas without writing custom CSS.
- Utility-First Approach: No deep CSS overrides needed.
Disadvantages of Tachyons
- Smaller Community: Fewer themes, templates, and ecosystem resources.
- Messy HTML: Can lead to class-heavy markup that’s harder to read.
- No Components: You must build everything (buttons, navbars, modals) manually.
- Learning Curve: Class names (pa3, f5) are shorthand and non-intuitive for beginners.
- Not Actively Maintained: Less frequent updates compared to newer frameworks.
What is Vanilla Framework CSS?
Vanilla Framework is an open-source, lightweight, and extensible CSS framework developed by Canonical (the creators of Ubuntu). It’s designed to provide a consistent and responsive design foundation without unnecessary bloat. Unlike component-heavy frameworks such as Bootstrap or Foundation, Vanilla focuses on clean base styles, responsive layouts, and utility classes that can be extended into full design systems.
It’s particularly popular for enterprise projects and design systems where consistency, accessibility, and scalability matter more than having hundreds of prebuilt UI widgets.
Key Features of Vanilla Framework
- Lightweight & Scalable: Provides only what you need, no bloat.
- Responsive Grid System: Built-in grid system for mobile-first design.
- Accessibility First: Designed with WCAG compliance in mind.
- Design Consistency: Used by Canonical across Ubuntu products.
- Sass Support: Highly customizable via Sass variables and mixins.
- Framework Agnostic: Works with plain HTML, React, Angular, Vue, or any setup.
Advantages of Vanilla CSS
- Good Documentation: Clear guidelines with usage examples.
- Clean and Lightweight: Minimal CSS, loads fast, and avoids bloat.
- Consistent UI/UX: Ideal for creating unified design systems.
- Enterprise-ready: Backed by Canonical, proven in large-scale projects.
- Customizable with Sass: Change themes, colors, and spacing easily.
- Accessibility Focused: WCAG-compliant components for inclusive design.
Disadvantages of Vanilla Framework
- Less Popular in Freelance/Startup Space: Mainly adopted by enterprises like Canonical.
- No Built-in JavaScript: Only CSS, you’ll need custom JS for interactivity.
- Limited Community Support: Not as popular as Bootstrap or Tailwind.
- Learning Curve with Sass: Beginners may find customization tricky.
- Smaller Ecosystem: Fewer templates, themes, and third-party plugins.
Comparison Between Tachyons vs Vanilla Framework CSS
Use Cases of Tachyons
- Rapid prototyping and MVPs.
- Building custom UIs without depending on pre-styled components.
- Designers who want total control over design instead of prebuilt themes.
- Developers who like atomic/functional CSS.
- Lightweight projects where performance is critical.
Use Cases of Vanilla Framework CSS
- Company Websites: clean, responsive base styling.
- Dashboards & Web Apps: modular grid + utility classes.
- Design Systems: consistent Sass variables & mixins.
- Prototypes / MVPs: fast setup with pre-styled elements.
Other Resources
Conclusion
UI frameworks make building a polished website way easier. Whether you're working on something simple or a big project, they help you get things looking just right without having to stress over every little design decision. With ready-to-use components, responsive layouts, and modern styles, you can build faster and smarter.
So, pick one that works for you, and start creating a site that looks amazing from the get-go.
Frequently asked questions
How do I start using Tachyons?
Include via CDN, install with npm, or build a custom version with PostCSS.
What makes Tachyons different?
Tachyons is utility-first and functional using small, single-purpose classes combined directly in HTML.
How big is Tachyons?
Very lightweight, under 14 KB gzipped, and you can slim it down further by removing unused modules.
Can I customize Tachyons?
Yes, through custom builds, CSS variables, or tools like Components AI for theming.
Is Tachyons enough for UI development?
Yes, many developers build full, responsive, and accessible UIs using only Tachyons plus basic CSS knowledge.
Is Vanilla Framework free to use?
Yes, it is open-source and completely free to use under the LGPLv3 license.
Does Vanilla Framework include JavaScript components?
No, it’s a CSS-only framework, so you need to implement JavaScript for dropdowns, modals, etc.
Is Vanilla Framework beginner-friendly?
Yes, for basic usage. But customization requires some knowledge of Sass.
Who uses Vanilla Framework?
It is used by Canonical (Ubuntu) and related projects, but developers can also use it for general web projects.
Should I use Vanilla Framework instead of Bootstrap?
If you want a lightweight, enterprise-ready design system with a focus on accessibility, Vanilla is great. But if you need ready-to-use components with JS support, Bootstrap might be better.